Technology Tales

Sometimes, a firmware update is in order

After a recent trip to Oxford, I have started to mull over adding a longer lens (could make more distant architectural detail photos a possibility) to complement my trusty Sigma 18-125mm f/3.8-5.6 DC HSM zoom lens that now is entering approaching its third year in my hands. While I have made no decision about the acquisition of another lens, there are some tempting bargains out there, it seems. However, the real draw on my attention is the lack of autofocus with the aforementioned Sigma, and I now find it difficult to believe that I was blaming the manufacturer for not keeping up with Pentax when it really was the other way around. A bit of poking around on the web revealed that all that I needed to do was download a firmware update from the Pentax website. While being slowed down by the lack of autofocus cannot have done bad things for my photography, I still wonder at why I didn't try updating the camera for as long as I have.

In the file for updating my K10D, there was a README file containing the instructions for carrying out the update with the included binary file that was set to take the camera from version 1.00 to 1.30 (hold down the Menu button while starting the camera to see what you have). In summary, both files were copied onto an SD card that was inserted into the camera and it turned off. The next step was to power up the camera with the menu button held down to start the update. To stop erroneous updates, there is an "Are you sure?" style Yes/No menu popped up before anything else happens. Selecting Yes sets things into motion, and you have to wait until the word "COMPLETE" appears in the bottom-left corner before turning the camera and removing the card. Now that I think of it, I should have checked the battery before doing anything because the consequences of losing power in the middle of what I was doing would have been annoying, especially with my liking the photographic results produced by the camera.

Risk taking aside, the process was worth its while, with HSM now working as it should have done all this time. It seems quiet and responsive too from my limited tests to date. Even better, the autofocus doesn't hunt anywhere near as much as the 18-55 mm Pentax kit lens that came with the camera. The next decision is whether to stick with my manual focussing ways or lapse into trusting autofocus from now on, though my better reason is to stick with the slower approach unless the subjects are fast. Now that I think of it, train and bus photos for my transport website have become much easier, as have any wildlife photos that I care to capture. Speaking of the latter brings me back to that telephoto quandary that I mentioned at the beginning. Well, there's a tempting Sigma 50-200 mm that has caught my eye...

Making a custom button to hide or display the Google Toolbar in Firefox

While adding more toolbars to Firefox is all very fine, they can take up space on the screen. Even with the big screens that many of us have these days, it's still nice to be able to see more of what we use web browsers to visit: web pages. For the Web Developer extension's toolbar, there is the Toggle Web Developer Toolbar plugin for showing and hiding the thing when so desired. As it happens, I keep it hidden until I need it and I fancied doing the same thing with the Google Toolbar but found none. Instead, I happened on a tutorial that used the Custom Buttons plugin to define a custom button. That gives you an entry named Add new button... to the context menu that appears when you right-click on the main menu bar near the top of the Firefox window. When you select the that extra entry in the menu, you get the dialogue box that you see below.

In there, that are some form fields that need filling. Button URL is an option without which you can do, but I entered "Toggle Google Toolbar" into the Name field while also sourcing an image to be used on the button instead of the default (a Google logo, naturally...). The last step is to add the code below underneath the /*CODE*/ comment line, leaving the latter in place.

const toolbar = document.getElementById("gtbToolbar");
toolbar.collapsed = !toolbar.collapsed;

With all that completed, clicking on the OK button is all that's needed to finish off the button definition. With that done, the next step is to add the button where you want it by right-clicking on the top menu bar again and selecting the Customise... entry. From the list of buttons that appears, just pick the new one and drag it to where you want it to go. Then, you're done with what might sound like a roundabout away of putting in place a space saver, but I can live with that.

Looking at a few Operating Systems

The last few weeks have seen me poking around with a few different operating systems to see how they perform. While I am too sure what exactly has kicked off all of this curiosity, all the OS's that I have examined have been of the UNIX/Linux variety. With the inclusion of Unity in the forthcoming Ubuntu "Natty Narwhal" 11.04, I am mindful of the need to be keeping an eye on alternative options should there ever be a need to jump ship. However, a recent encounter with an alpha version has reassured me a little.

Forgetting the Ubuntu password (a silly thing to do, I know) for my Toshiba laptop meant a reinstallation that allowed these explorations to happen. Only for that, I may not have looked in amazement at the impressive minimalism of CrunchBang Linux before settling on Lubuntu to see how it did. Since these were Live CD runs, I was trying things out before committing to any installation. Since Lubuntu is based on Ubuntu as its name suggests, I wasted little name in finding my way around the LXDE desktop. By default, everything supplied with the distro is lightweight, with Chromium coming in place of Firefox. There's no sign of OpenOffice.org either, with offerings like Abiword coming in its stead. For the sake of familiarity, I started to add the weight of things without reducing the speed of things, it seems. Well, the speedy start-up wasn't afflicted anyway. Being an Ubuntu clone meant that it didn't long to add on Firefox using the apt-get command. LibreOffice was downloaded for installation using the dpkg command, and it seems much more fleet-footed than its OpenOffice.org counterpart. As if these nefarious actions weren't enough, I started to poke in the settings to up the number of virtual desktops too. All in all, it never stopped me going against what be termed the intent of the thing. Despite what Linux User & Developer has had to say, I think the presentation of the LXDE desktop isn't unpleasant, either. In fact, I reckon that I quite like it, so the next thing to do is to restore the entry for Windows 7 on the GRUB menu. Well, there's always something that needs doing...

While I may have learned about it after the event, the release of Debian "Squeeze" 6.0 was of interest to me too. The new release comes on two kernels: GNU/Linux and FreeBSD. Regarding the latter, I did try having a look, only for it to lock up my main home PC when I tried booting it up in a VirtualBox virtual machine. Given that it's a technical preview anyway, I think it's better to leave it mature for a while, no matter how fascinating the prospect may be. Or is it VirtualBox 4.x that hasn't around long enough? Debian's latest Linux incarnations showed no such inclinations, though I found that the CD ISO image that I'd downloaded didn't give such a complete system when I fired it up after doing the installation. Being someone who knows his way around Linux anyway, it was no problem to add the missing pieces using apt-get, though that'd stop it being an option for new users unless the DVD installation yields more complete results. Other than that, it worked well, and I quickly became comfortable with the OS, which has a much fresher feel than version 5.x ("Lenny"). In summary, I look forward to continuing my investigations of the new Debian release.

To round up my explorations of different UNIX/Linux operating systems, I have updated my test installations of Ubuntu 11.04. While initial looks at the next Ubuntu release weren't so encouraging, things are coming along by all accounts. For one thing, Unity can be switched off in favour of the more familiar GNOME desktop that we've had for the last few years. Messages warning about the lack of 3D graphics support have been replaced by graceful degradation to GNOME, which is definitely an improvement. In case it hasn't been so obvious, I am one of those who needs convincing by the likes of Unity and GNOME Shell, so I'll sit on the fence for a while. After all, there are always alternatives like LXDE if I want to decamp to something else entirely. One of the nice things about Linux is the amount of choice we all have; while it might be difficult to choose sometimes, it's always good to find alternatives when someone makes a decision that doesn't suit you.

Starting a fifth...

While it is difficult to believe the passage of time sometimes, there are events that provide the occasional reminder. The fourth birthday of this outpost on the web is but a small representative of the genre. An initially frenetic posting rate slowed over time and new entries appear on here when there is something to share rather than trying to work to a schedule. That went by the wayside a good while ago...

Over the years, appearances have changed, but the same raison d'être remains: to share useful snippets regarding the digital technology that pervades this age. Sometimes, these are things that I need to store for my own future reference, yet there are others that I scarcely have seen elsewhere. Even with the power of Google or Bing, it can be challenging to track down the knowledge that you need these days, so that's why I keep on adding to the collection of material that you find on here.

All in all, we seem to be in a time of major upheaval. During the past year, I had one of my own; the result was a change of job and place of work. However, there are many more momentous ones than that, with plenty to be seen in the world of technology. Digital photography is taken for granted nowadays, with the next likely battle between DSLR's and compact system cameras. Then, there's the increasing mobility of computing and the increasingly clever packaging of diminutive yet powerful devices. It appears that everything is all change, so that may bring me more things about which to write on here. 2011 may become an interesting, if very challenging year ahead.

Ubuntu 10.10 and Citrix

Many of us with the opportunity to work from home will have met up with logging via a Citrix server. With that in mind, I set to getting an ICA client going on my main Ubuntu box at home. There is information scattered about the web in the form of a question on the Ubuntu forum and a step-by-step guide by Liberian Geek. To summarise the process that I followed here, you have to download a copy of the Citrix Receiver installer for Linux from the company's website. There, you'll see DEB and RPM packages, along with a tarball for other systems. The latter needs a bit more work, so I got the x86 DEB package and installed that in the usual way, using Ubuntu's Software Centre to do the installation following the download. Needing to start the Citrix connection via a browser session meant that a browser restart was needed too. That wasn't the end of the leg work because Thawte certificate errors were to stop me in my tracks until I downloaded their root certificates from their website. Once the zip file was on my PC, I extracted it and copied the required certificate (Thawte Server CA.cer from the thawte Server CA directory) to /usr/lib/ICAClient/keystore/cacerts on my system; it helped that the error message had told me which was the one I needed from the collection in the zip file. With that matter addressed, the connection happened without a glitch, and I was able to get to working without recourse to a Windows virtual machine. For once, Linux wasn't to be excluded from one of the ways of using computers that has been getting more prevalent these days.

Update 2012-04-14: On an equivalent installation on Linux Mint Debian Edition, I found that the installation location for the certificate had moved to /opt/Citrix/ICAClient/keystore/cacerts. This was for the 64-bit edition.

Update 2012-12-17: The above applied to an installation of version 12.10 on 32-bit Ubuntu GNOME Remix too.

A spot of extension bother with Firefox

One keystroke that I use a lot when typing on a computer is Control + Shift + [an arrow key] but I found myself in the awkward position of it not working in Firefox any more. The nuisance level was enough to set me investigating in the name of resolving the problem. Using the following command to start Firefox saw the keystroke being returned to me, so I needed to find which plug-in, extension or add-on was the cause of the matter.

firefox -safe-mode

Then, it was a matter of disabling one extension at a time and restarting Firefox each time to see when the keystroke functionality was returned to me. The culprit turned out to be Firebug 1.6 and there's a discussion on their bug forum about the issue. Even the good folk in the Firebug project noted how many folk were experiencing the inconvenience based on a quick Google search. Since that didn't turn up the answer for me, I had to do some digging of my own, and I hope that it has saved you some time. Of course, Firebug comes without cost so we cannot grumble too much, but I'll be keeping it disabled as much as possible until a new version makes its appearance.

Update 2011-01-15: This now seems to be fixed in Firebug 1.6.1

A lot of work ahead

Recently, I tested Ubuntu 11.04's first alpha release on both a VirtualBox VM and a spare PC. As expected with alpha software, it had issues. The new Unity desktop environment didn't work properly on either system: no top or side panels appeared, and applications lacked menu bars. Others appear to have had better experiences, possibly because they did fresh installations rather than upgrades like I did. I might try a clean install or wait for the next alpha release. The final version will include Firefox 4 along with the desktop changes. Overall, Natty Narwhal promises to be an unusually significant Ubuntu update. I'll monitor its development before deciding whether to upgrade. There's still plenty of time, as the release is months away.

Do we need to pay for disk partitioning tools anymore?

My early explorations of dual-booting of Windows and Linux led me into the world of disk partitioning. It also served another use since any of my Windows 9x installations (that dates things a bit...) didn't have a tendency to last longer than six months at one point; putting the data on another partition meant that a fresh Windows installation didn't jeopardise any data that I had should a mishap occur.

Then, Partition Magic was the favoured tool, and it wasn't free of charge, though it wasn't extortionately priced either. For those operations that couldn't be done with Windows running, you could create bootable floppy disks to get the system going to perform those. Thinking about it now, it all worked well enough, and the usual caveats about taking care with your data applied as much then as they do now.

For the last few years, many Linux distributions have coming in the form of CD's or DVD's from which you can boot into a full operating system session, complete with near enough the same GUI that an installed version. When a PC is poorly, this is a godsend that makes me wonder how we managed without it; having that visual way of saving data sounds all too necessary now. For me, the answer to that is that I misspent too many hours blundering blindly using the very limited Windows command line to get myself out of a crux. Looking back on it now, it all feels very dark compared to today.

Another good aspect of these Live Distribution Disks is that they come with hard disk partitioning tools, such as the effective GParted. They are needed to configure hard drives during the actual installation process, but they serve another process too: they can be used in place of the old proprietary software disks that were in use not so long ago. Being able to deal with the hard disk sizes available today is a good thing, as is coping with NTFS partitions along with the usual Linux options. While the operations may be time-consuming, they have seemed reliable so far, and I hope that it stays that way despite any warning that gets issued before you make any changes. Last weekend, I got to see a lot of what that means when I was setting up my Toshiba Equium laptop for Windows/Ubuntu dual booting.

With the capability that is available both free of charge and free of limitations, you cannot justify paying for disk partitioning software nowadays, and that's handy when you consider the state of the economy. It also shows how things have changed over the last decade. Being able to load up a complete operating system from a DVD also serves to calm any nerves when a system goes down on you, especially when you surf the web to find a solution for the malady that's causing the downtime.

Restoring the MBR for Windows 7

During my explorations of dual-booting of Windows 7 and Ubuntu 10.10, I ended up restoring the master boot record (MBR) so that Windows 7 could load again or to find out if it wouldn't start for me. The first hint that came to me when I went searching was the bootsect command, but this only updates the master boot code on the partition, so it did nothing for me. What got things going again was the bootrec command.

To use either of these, I needed to boot from a Windows 7 installation DVD. With my Toshiba Equium laptop, I needed to hold down the F12 key until I was presented with a menu that allowed me to choose from what drive I wanted to boot the machine, the DVD drive in this case. Then, the disk started and gave me a screen where I selected my location and moved to the next one where I selected the Repair option. After that, I got a screen where my Windows 7 installation was located. Once that was selected, I moved on to another screen from I started a command line session. Then, I could issue the commands that I needed.

bootsect /nt60 C:

This would repair the boot sector on the C: drive in a way that is compatible with BOOTMGR. Though this wasn't enough for me, it was something worth trying anyway in case there was some corruption.

bootrec /fixmbr
bootrec /fixboot

The first of these restores the MBR, and the second sorts out the boot sector on the system drive (where the Windows directory resides on your system). In the event, I ran both of these and Windows restarted again, proving that it had come through disk partition changes without a glitch, though CHKDISK did run in the process, but that's understandable. There's another option for those wanting to get back their boot menu, and here it is:

bootrec /rebuildbcd

Though I didn't need to do so, I ran that too, but later used EasyBCD to remove the boot menu from the start-up process because it was surplus to my requirements. That's a graphical tool that has gained something of a reputation since Microsoft dispensed with the boot.ini file that came with Windows XP for later versions of the operating system.

Using Data Step to Create a Dataset Template from a Dataset in SAS

Recently, I wanted to make sure that some temporary datasets that were being created during data processing in a dataset creation program weren't truncating values or differed from the variable lengths in the original. It was then that a brainwave struck me: create an empty dataset shell using data step, and use that set all the variable lengths for me when the new datasets were concatenated to it. The code turned out to be very simple and here is an example of how it looked:

data shell;
    stop;
    set example;
run;

The STOP statement, prevents the data step from reading in any of the values in the template dataset and just its header is written out to another (empty) dataset that can be used to set things up as you would want them to be. It certainly was a quick solution in my case.